introgression biology

2015. Introgression (or "introgressive hybridization") describes the incorporation (usually via hybridization and backcrossing) of alleles from one entity (species) into the gene pool of a second, divergent entity (species) ( Anderson and Hubricht 1938; Anderson 1949 ). It is adaptive when such introgressed alleles are maintained by natural selection. Among plausible factors influencing this issue are hybridisation and introgression recently detected in the genus. AU . A Dictionary of Biology More From encyclopedia.com Alternatively, upon glacial recession, divergent . These results demonstrate that differences in parental genetic introgression shape heterotic loci in the hybrids. Details. The evolutionary significance of introgression has been discussed for decades. Key Difference - Hybridization vs Introgression. For example, introgression has been implicated in the adaptation of modern humans and is of concern to conservation biologists due to loss of integrity of wild bird and mammal populations [2,3]. An introgression scenario therefore needs to invoke two rather than one event of introgression, from pied into eastern black-eared wheatear and from the latter into its western congener. M. Dannemann et al., "Introgression of Neandertal- and Denisovan-like haplotypes contributes to adaptive variation in human toll-like receptors," Am J Hum Genet, 98:P22-33, 2016. introgression / ( ˌɪntrəˈɡrɛʃən) / noun the introduction of genes from the gene pool of one species into that of another during hybridization Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 WORD OF THE DAY In fact, genetic introgression by translocation or hybridization with non-native species has occasionally been described as a threat to conservation (Bohling, 2016; Rhymer & Simberloff, 1996). Morgan Building Lexington KY 40506-0225 F 1 {\displaystyle F_ {1}} generation hybrid breeds with one or both of its parental species. Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species. See also hybrid zone. Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium that can restrict the transmission of human pathogenic viruses by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Here, we infer species phylogeny and introgression events from whole-genome sequence data of six members of the erato - sara . In order for introgressive hybridization to take place, F 1 hybrids must initially be produced between the two species. Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the movement of a gene (gene flow) from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species. introgression synonyms, introgression pronunciation, introgression translation, English dictionary definition of introgression. Thus, the kind of introgression-facilitated adaptive evolution proposed here would amount to partial (or ongoing) selective sweeps [31]. Introgression is the permanent incorporation of genes from the genome of one population into another. 2001). Petrov, "Evidence that RNA viruses drove adaptive introgression between Neanderthals and modern humans," Cell, 175:P360-71.E13, 2018. show that a major introgression event as well as recurrent gene flow across Acropora coral species and Acropora lineages profited from climate-driven mass extinctions in the Plio-Pleistocene, indicating that introgression and ecological opportunity (from climate-driven mass extinction) play important roles in the adaptive radiation of Acropora. [Google Scholar] Department of Biology (859) 257-4711 101 T.H. In the light of this, therefore, an ancestrally . Though introgression has been extensively studied in many plants and animals, key questions on the underlying mechanisms of introgression sti … Questions about potential impacts of transgene flow into wild and weedy populations brought renewed attention to the introgression of crop alleles into those populations. Adaptive introgression: a resource for management and genetic conservation in a changing climate Running head: Adaptive introgression and conservation Jill A. Hamilton1,2,* and Joshua M. Miller3 1 Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, 95616 doi: 10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509997. Find 21 ways to say INTROGRESSION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Contents 1 Source of variation 2 Background 3 Examples of natural introgression 3.1 Irises Invasion of organisms into new ecosystems is increasingly common, due to the global trade in commodities. Define introgression. Introgression plays a key role in adaptive evolution and species diversification in many groups of species including Heliconius butterflies. However, wild relatives, which play vital roles in the genetic architecture of bread wheat, have been lacking in previous researches. Genetic extinction is a popular concept that comes under evolution.Genetic extinction explains how the introduction of subspecies and crossing over has resulted in the extinction of certain genes or alleles from a population. Rye chromatin is used to transfer numerous genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses into the wheat genome. A recent analysis in BMC Evolutionary Biology of natural hybridization between an introduced and a native salamander reveals the mosaic nature of introgression, which is probably caused by a combination of selection … Both selective and random processes can affect the outcome of natural hybridization. 'Therefore, there is the potential for gene introgression across species via backcross of hybrid females to the parental species.'. In plants, introgression is a key concept in studies of the risks of contamination of natural populations by genetically modified (GM) crops. combine paleoanthropology, archaic genomics, neuroimaging, and gene expression to study biological foundations of the characteristic modern human endocranial shape. Introgression of dual abiotic stress tolerance QTLs (Saltol QTL and Sub1 gene) into Rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety Aiswarya through marker assisted backcross breeding. At high latitudes, climatic oscillations have triggered repeated episodes of organismal divergence by geographically isolating populations. Their results emphasize the role of hybridization in the evolution of novel genetic architectures. Female Ae. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. 3E) and was estimated to be involved in 88.60% of heterotic loci in the hybrids. Introgression - the transfer of genetic material between species following hybridization and backcrossing to the parental species - is a fundamental concept of plant evolutionary biology (Anderson and Hubricht, 1938; Anderson, 1949 ). Introgressive hybridization, also known as introgression, is the flow of genetic material between divergent lineages via repeated backcrossing. The assembly and annotation of each of the 3 species sequenced for this project are summarized here, with further details listed in Table 1. Introgression is a genetic crossover that takes place between the species of the same population via a backcross to one or both of the parent species. They find introgressed Neandertal alleles that associate with reduced endocranial globularity and affect expression of genes linked to neurogenesis and myelination. Questions about potential impacts of transgene flow into wild and weedy populations brought renewed attention to the introgression of crop alleles into those populations. Quantification of the risk of introgression is an important component of genetically modified crop regulation. Analysing genomes of two sympatric widespread Asian oak species, the authors find introgression across the genome and signatures of . Quantification of the risk of introgression is an important component of genetically modified crop regulation. One of the most complex post-invasion scenarios occurs when an invasive species is related to a native pest, and . Introgressive hybridization, also known as introgression, is the flow of genetic material between divergent lineages via repeated backcrossing. Introgression is an important source of genetic variation. Introgression is emerging as an important source of novel genetic variation, alongside standing variation and mutation. Details. aegypti population. In the past two decades, the field has advanced with considerable descriptive, experimental, and theoretical activity on the dynamics of crop gene . Recent field trials have shown that dengue incidence is significantly reduced when Wolbachia is introgressed into the local Ae. In the past two decades, the field has advanced with considerable descriptive, experimental, and theoretical activity on the dynamics of crop gene . Meenu M. Nair 1 & K. S. Shylaraj 1 Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants volume 27, pages 497-514 (2021)Cite this article Another potential source of adaptive variation is adaptive variants from other (donor) species that are introgressed into the (recipient) species, termed adaptive introgression. By creating a reference genome from one wild species, V. arizonica , and . Boxplot showing the differences in levels of introgression between wing (green) and body (orange) lice. Modern studies of introgression are often predicated on "phylogenomic" datasets. Abstract Nonindigenous species can bring about a form of extinction of native flora and fauna by hybridization and introgression either through purposeful introduction by humans or through habitat modification, bringing previously isolated species into contact. Biology and Breeding of Crucifers. The evolutionary significance of introgression has been discussed for decades. Hybridization and introgression are vital sources of novel genetic variation driving diversification during reticulated evolution. For crops, global warming has led to significant changes in terms of phenology and/or yield. China is the second-largest distribution center of Quercus . Though introgression has been extensively studied in many plants and animals, key questions on the underlying mechanisms of introgression sti … However, frequent hybridization and subsequent gene flow between species makes estimation of the species phylogeny challenging. CRC Press, Apr 19, 2016 - Science - 406 pages. 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