parasitic diseases slideshare

Pasteurellosis, ear mange, and coccidiosis are diseases commonly experienced by some growers. Löffler Syndrome & Parasitic Intestinal Disease Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Hookworm Infection. Module I. Since 1981, enteric protozoa have become the leading cause of waterborne disease outbreaks for which an etiologic agent could be determined .A recent study reported that 21% of drinking water-associated outbreaks between 1991 and 1992 were attributable to parasitic agents .Furthermore, these agents are frequent contaminants of potable water supplies (26,27). The ways in which humans acquire zoonotic parasites are complex. The main line of defense now available against parasitic protozoa--which are responsible for major diseases of humans and domestic animals--is chemotherapy. The behaviour of Homo sapiens has a pivotal role to play in the macro and microepidemiology of emerging or re-emerging parasitic zoonoses. Lymphatic filariasis is spread from person to person by mosquitoes. The parasite penetrates the head and spinal cartilage putting pressure on the organ of equilibrium. Parasitic disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and triatomine bugs are responsible for transmitting various diseases, including malaria and Chagas disease which are vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs) responsible for the death of 700'000 individuals each year. This abnormal relationship leads to weakness of healthy or host plant. Soybean plants dying from Sclerotinia infection. Significance of fin Fish and Shellfish diseases in aquaculture, stress in aquaculture and its role in disease development, pathological processes: cellular response to injury, inflammatory response to diseases, pathogencity mechanism of parasite and bacteria, pathogencity mechanism of virus and fungus. The organism causes substantial damage because of its unique life cycle (see below), which allows a rapid intensification of infection. The rice-stem nematode, Ditylenchus angustus, causes a disease in rice, called Ufra, by feeding ectoparasitically on meristematic tissues of rice stems and leaves of deep-water and lowland rice in India and South-East Asia. This defense is being eroded by drug resistance and, with few new drugs in the pipeline, prevention and circumvention of resistance are medical and veterinary priorities. Abstract. Guinea Worm 9. Filariasis, also known as lympathic filariasis (LF), is most common in tropical countries and is caused by parasitic nematode worms that look like tiny threads. Practice. Angiostrongyliasis is a parasitic infection caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is most common in Southeast Asia but may occur in the Caribbean as well. Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases A Guide for School Administrators, Nurses, Teachers, Child Care Providers, and Parents or Guardians Department of Health and Senior Services Bureau of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573) 751-6113 (866) 628-9891 e-mail: info@health.mo.gov The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases (formerly the Division of Malaria and Parasitology) is in the Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Two types of parasites are- Ectoparasite A parasite that lives on or in the skin like Fleas and lice are ectoparasites. epidemiology D. J. Lovell *. This chapter is confined to parasites that cause significant disease in economically impor-tant shellfish that are utilized for either aquaculture or commercial harvest. Pathogens can spread from plant to plant and may infect all types of plant tissue including leaves, shoots, stems, crowns, roots, tubers, fruit, seeds and vascular tissues (Figure 62). The adult worms only live in the human lymph system. parasitic disease, in humans, any illness that is caused by a parasite, an organism that lives in or on another organism (known as the host). The burden of these diseases often rests on communities in the tropics and subtropics, but parasitic infections also affect people in developed countries. The behaviour of Homo sapiens has a pivotal role to play in the macro and microepidemiology of emerging or re-emerging parasitic zoonoses. Paragonimiasis 13. Enterobius Vermicularis 6. Ascariasis 5. These pathogenic parasites are grouped taxonomi-cally. Parasitic disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and triatomine bugs are responsible for transmitting various diseases, including malaria and Chagas disease which are vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs) responsible for the death of 700'000 individuals each year. • The protozoal infections that infect the CNS include malaria, trypanosomiasis, amebiasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and microsporidiosis. Chagas Disease. Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent throughout India at varying rates. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Changing demographics and the concomitant alterations to the environment, climate, technology, land use and changes in human behavior, converge to favour the emergence and spread of parasitic zoonoses. Zoonotic tapeworm infections associated with dogs and cats include the flea tapeworm, Dipylidium caninum. Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through . Whirling disease is an infection of trout caused by the Myxobolus cerebralis parasite. Sindermann, 1990). 3. The lymph system maintains the body's fluid balance and fights infections. Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) Echinococcosis. Fascioliasis. You can become infected when your skin comes in contact with contaminated freshwater. Many parasites do not cause diseases. Controlling and preventing VBPDs is dependent on a better understanding of mechanisms of infection and immunity to develop new . This activity outlines the indications, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and contraindications for various classes of . Diagnosis is particularly important because these diseases can often have similar symptoms with other diseases and be consequently misdiagnosed. . Diagnosis of parasitic diseases depends on several laboratory methods, imaging techniques and endoscopy in addition to clinical picture and geographic location. Once these eggs are in the bloodstream, the larvae can travel into the brain and form cysts, causing neurocysticercosis (NCC). The vaccines we focused on were to. A Code Tsunami two categories - parasitic and non-parasitic diseases GOLAM DASTOGEER LECTURER DEPARTMENT of plant disease plant! However, among all groups of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc. Infectious Diseases. Contaminated water supplies can lead to Giardia infections. Based on the contributions from this field over the last part of the 20th century, we should expect new biologic concepts will continue to come from this discipline to enrich the general area of biomedical research. Some organisms called parasites are actually commensals, in that they . Parasitic plants differ from . Plant-parasitic nematodes range from 250 um to 12 mm in length, averaging 1 mm, to about 15-35 um in width. Parasitic Gastroenteritis (PGE) is the condition caused by large numbers of gastrointestinal nematodes that reside in the gut (abomasum and intestines) of the ruminant host. The word parasite comes from the Latin form of the Greek word παράσιτος (parasitos), meaning "one who eats at the table of . Kala-Azar 3. Human African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness) Although the same is true of many bacteria and viruses ,the designation parasite is reserved ,by convention for helminths . Many of them are also animated. ADVERTISEMENTS: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases. 2. However, it is quite possible to get infected when traveling to areas endemic with certain parasitic diseases. As pointed out in Dr. Chomel's (2008) article on emerging parasitic zoonoses, emerging infectious diseases are dominated by zoonoses and the majority of these infections originate in wildlife . 2. For convenience, old and new parasitic diagnostic tools are summarized in Tables. 12/10/2012 Dr.T.V.Rao MD 7. Parasitic disease Leishmaniasis Amoebiasis Giardiasis 2. Direct microscopy is based on detection of the parasite Abstract. These diseases occur most frequently in the poorest countries and affect a vast part of the human population. Tables3 and. The terms host range versus host preference describe different aspects of the parasitic relationship.Host range refers to the total number of different species that can be parasitized. • There are essentially two broad categories of parasitic infections, protozoan and metazoan, and several of these affect the central nervous system (CNS). PGE is primarily a disease of lambs and first season grazing cattle. Taenia Solium 11. ), parasitic protozoa are second after viruses in being the primary cause of zoonotic diseases, with helminths also playing a lesser but still formidable role in disease transmission (Polley 2005). Ichthyobodosis is caused by the flagellate parasite Ichthyobodo necator. Most plant parasitic nematodes are root feeders and live in the soil. 31 The larva of this parasite migrates to the brain causing headaches, nausea, and neck stiffness. Parasitic diseases 1. Amoebic Infections: Definitive . ILRI. A big part of the diagnosis process is to look at the past history of the patient, for example where he travelled or lived before in the case of immigrants. The main diagnostic signs and symptoms of nematode infestations are root cysts or root . PPT-089-01. Antiparasitic drugs are a group of medications used in the management and treatment of infections by parasites, including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. • There two types of vectors: mechanical and biological Epidemiology • Although parasitic infections . Dengue Fever. Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Parasitism Definition. Estimates show that at least 218 million people required preventive treatment in 2015. Student can able to understand different disease conditions which is associated with different microorganisms. These diseases cause substantial economic losses in terms of decrease in working capacity, growth and productivity. With the introduction of sedentary, semi-intensive systems of camel farming, parasite may assume much more significant role in camel . The clinical signs of PGE vary depending on nematode species and abundance. They're normally harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, some organisms may cause disease. Figure 62. Among parasitic diseases, those transmitted by vectors, mainly arthropods, play a particular role. The opportunities and challenges for the study and control of parasitic diseases in the 21st century are both exciting and daunting. Parasitic diseases were discovered in the materials coming from the hosts: 45 cattle (39.8%), 35 sheep (31%), 22 apiary (19.5%), 2 goats, 3 chicken, 5 rabbits, and 1 fish. Schistosomiasis is considered one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) .The parasites that cause schistosomiasis live in certain types of freshwater snails. This causes fish to swim erratically. Infection is acquired when a person, usually a young child, accidentally ingests a flea carrying the larval stage of the tapeworm. Schistosoma Japonicum. The diagnostic tools offered by the CDC (Centre for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA) and the NRCP (National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Montréal, Canada) are also highlighted in Tables. Parasitic disease 1. and2. Antiparasitic drugs include several classes of drugs that cover a broad range of diseases caused by parasites. Methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases have stagnated in the last 20-30 years. Hookworms 7. This is a type of disease that actually does happen to people. In a recent paper, we reviewed evidence on the influence of infection with the parasitic worms causing schistosomiasis on host immune responses to vaccines. Parasites can cause disease in humans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] . Parasitic diseases may be presented by a wide variety of clinical manifestations according to the tissue invaded. For the purposes of discussing plant pathology, only plant disease pathogens will be discussed. Student can able to identify different therapeutic and preventive measurement of fish and shellfish diseases. INTRODUCTION The word parasite comes originally from the Geek word parasitos. Korea is successfully controlled intestinal parasitic infections owing to economic development and high health consciousness. Controlling and preventing VBPDs is dependent on a better understanding of mechanisms of infection and immunity to develop new . Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis, onchocerciasis, and loiasis. cases Deaths/yr Plasmodium malaria 273 million 1.12 million Soil transmitted helminths: • Roundworm (Ascaris) • Whipworm (Trichuris) • Hookworm (Ancylostoma and Necator) intestinal obstruction Bloody diarrhoea, rectal prolapse Dipylidium caninum. Most of these infections are endemic in origin. 3. Click to edit Master title style. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. The most common parasitic infection Parasite Diseases No. A parasitic infection is an infection caused or transmitted by a parasite. Cysticercosis. They can able to understand different etiological factor of microorganisms. Cont'd • Zoonosis: a parasitic disease in which an animal is normally the host - but which also infects man • Vector: a living carrier (e.g.an arthropod) that transports a pathogenic organism from an infected to a non-infected host. Background: Parasitic infections are responsible for a significant burden of disease worldwide as a result of international travel and immigration. It has been observed . For example, Seymeria cassioides (Figure 10) invariably attacks pines in nature, but in pot studies where a variety of angiosperms and gymnosperms are artificially inoculated, these plants are parasitized. See below for more information on selected neglected tropical diseases: Buruli Ulcer. Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis, onchocerciasis, and loiasis. The Dot-ELISA has been used extensively in the detection of human and veterinary protozoan and metazoan parasitic diseases, including amebiasis, babesiosis, fascioliasis, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, trypanosomiasis and even ixodid tick . Handbook prepared for the 'Safer indigenous pork and healthier ethnic minorities in Vietnam through better management of parasitic pig-borne diseases' project. Diseases If disease prevention has failed and transmissible diseases are established in the rabbitry, heavy mortality may lead to business fail- ure. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to . Common parasites of wild animals are discussed below. A parasite is a pathogen that simultaneously injures and derives sustenance from its host. Para = alongside of , sitos=food , i.e.one who eats at another's table/lives at another's expense. Chairperson - Dr. ASHOK G. Student - Dr. SUMANT BALGANDI 2. The latter is 9 to 10 mm long. Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites.Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Introduction to Parasite • By definition, parasites are those animals which live at the expense of their hosts whereas other symbiotes live in mutual benefit with host (mutualists) or live without benefit or detriment to host (commensals). Diseases caused by parasitic higher plants. Taenia Saginata 10. More accurate diagnostic tools are necessary in support to parasite control and elimination programmes in endemic regions as well as for rapid case detection in non-endemic areas. Abstract. Parasite An organism that lives within or on another organism, the host. The genus Ditylenchus has over 60 described species, but only a few are parasites of higher plants (Duncan and Moens, 2006). The infectious form of the parasite, known as cercariae, emerge from the snail into the water. Hydatid Cysts 12. Abstract. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI. The typical nematode shape is a long and slender worm-like animal, but often the adult animals are swollen and no longer even resemble worms ( Figure 2 ). This review provides an update on the presenting symptoms, signs, investigation and management of diseases affecting the lung caused by protozoa, nematodes and trematodes. Amoebic Infections 2. Changing demographics and the concomitant alterations to the environment, climate, technology, land use and changes in human behavior, converge to favour the emergence and spread of parasitic zoonoses. Abstract. 4. Severe parasitic infections in immunocompromised hosts either results from the reactivation of a previously acquired infection, such as toxoplasmosis, or from a primary acquired infection which manifests more severely because of the immune defect: this is the case for intestinal protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium, microsporidia, Cyclospora and . Parasitic diseases of lung 1. The objectives of this study are to Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. Label all samples clearly with the patient's name, reference number, date, and time of collection. Parasitic infestations are a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between two species, where one (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host). 3. Some parasites have had a serious impact on wild populations and shellfish aquaculture production. The clinical presentations and radiographic findings of . Symptoms of NCC can include seizures, headaches, or dizziness, although some patients with NCC . PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS 4. Parasites range in size from tiny, one-celled organisms called protozoa to worms that can be seen with the naked eye. 1 and. Parasites (including zoonoses) in livestock and fish are widely distributed in Laos and can have a significant impact as foodborne diseases and also on economy, public health and international food trade. CHAPTER 1 ©2014 MVP Health Care, Inc. parasitic plant, plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host) without contributing to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host. 2.1.1. Significance of fin Fish and Shellfish diseases in aquaculture, stress in aquaculture and its role in disease development, pathological processes: cellular response to injury, inflammatory response to diseases, pathogencity mechanism of parasite and bacteria, pathogencity mechanism of virus and fungus. Dipylidium caninum infection can lead to diarrhea and pruritus in infected humans. Medical parasitology traditionally has included the study of three major groups of animals: parasitic protozoa, parasitic helminths (worms), and those arthropods that directly cause disease or act as vectors of various pathogens. Parasites include,various protozoa and worms which may infect humans, causing parasitic diseases. Parasites typically benefit from such relationships, often at the expense of the host organisms. Different methods are used to diagnose parasitic diseases. It is contracted from eating undercooked snails, slugs, crabs, or prawns. 3. . The small male worms, 1.3 to 3.5 mm long, live permanently in the uterus or vagina of the adult female worm. Plant-parasitic nematodes occur in all sizes and shapes. Some parasitic diseases are easily treated and some are not. Nutrient deficiency, wilt, stunting, yield depression and sometimes plant death can result. Parasitic Protozoa. Neurocysticercosis is the most severe form of cysticercosis, an infection caused by ingesting tapeworm eggs (Taenia solium). Abstract. Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship, or long-term relationship between two species, where one member, the parasite, gains benefits that come at the expense of the host member. parasitic diseases specific to the perinatal period (P35 -P39). Prevention of parasitic pig-borne diseases and improvement of hygiene practices in the pork value chain. Approximately 10 grams of fresh faeces uncontaminated by urine, oil, water, dyes or radio- opaque into a clean plastic container. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. Parasitic infection can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and animals. Malaria 4. Schistosoma Haematobium 14. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! The container should be free from antiseptics and disinfectants. The types are: 1. In addition some characteristics of animal production and food consumption habits in Laos may promote zoonotic disease transmission. The defining structural feature of a parasitic plant is the haustorium, a specialized organ that penetrates the host and forms a vascular union between the plants. Cats can transmit toxoplasmosis, which is dangerous for pregnant women. Learning Outcomes: 1. First reports of zoonotic parasites and new emerging diseases have been recorded in both the human and animal . They include malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and filariasis. Few major advances in clinical diagnostic testing have been made since the introduction of PCR, although new technologies are being investigated. 2020. 3. Practice. Essentially a study of disease in a population by contagious pathogens space. Module I. Filarial Worms 8. Many tests that form the backbone of the "modern" microbiology laboratory are based on very old and labour-intensive technologies such as microscopy for . Endoparasite Parasites that live inside the host body like Nematodes, Coccidian are endoparasites. Tables1 and. Trichosomoides crassicauda is a member of the order Enoplida and is therefore phylogenetically related to Trichuris sp., Trichinella spiralis, and Calodium hepaticum. It is important to note that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is excluded from this range of codes. A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through . Lymphatic filariasis, considered globally as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms. The parasite invades epithelial tissue of gills, skin, or fins, leaving a small wound and visible white spot or nodule where each parasite encysts. endo and ecto-parasitic diseases which are major constraints in improvement of camel health. • ICD-10-CM has created a range of codes to identify infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission (A50 -A64). The infection caused by these filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori, are transmitted by . Parasitic infections of the lung occur worldwide among both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients and may affect the respiratory system in a variety of ways. The damage caused to the above-ground plant is general in nature and related to root damage. 1.Cerebral malaria 5. This issue of the International Journal for Parasitology includes a special series of review articles on emerging zoonotic diseases due to parasites. Some parasitic diseases occur in the United States. Some plant diseases are developed due to growing certain plants attached on or in other plants, where they take all required nutrients without benefit sharing; these plants are called parasitic higher plants. Disease-Causing agent is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to.! These infectious diseases are usu- ally introduced in two ways, by contact or by mechanical carriers. Preventive treatment, which should be repeated over a number of years, will reduce and prevent morbidity. 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